įor verbs ending in a consonant and – y, replace the – y with an – i before adding – ed. Just like with the present participle, there are special rules for verbs that end in -c, -e, or a consonant and – y, as well as for words ending in one vowel and one consonant.įor verbs ending in -c, you first add a – k before – ed. That means you simply add – ed to the end. It’s also a key component in using the passive voice, which we explain further down.įor regular verbs, the past participle is the same as the simple past tense. The past participle is used in the perfect tenses or as an adjective describing an action that has already been completed. In September, we will have been dating for two years. The plane had been flying normally before lightning struck the wing. I couldn’t see the film because I have been working late all week. Again, the same form of the present participle is used in all three. Just like the standard continuous tenses, the present participle is also used for the perfect continuous tenses: the present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, and future perfect continuous. How to use the present participle in the perfect continuous tenses They will be running for mayor in the next election. I was sleeping when my cat jumped on my head. When using a continuous tense, only the main verb is conjugated-the present participle always uses the same – ing form in the present continuous, past continuous, and future continuous tenses. The present participle, along with a conjugated form of the verb be, is an essential part of the continuous tenses. In American English, you would use canceling because the second syllable is not stressed.) How to use the present participle in the continuous tenses (In UK English, if a word ends in a single vowel and an l, like cancel, you double the l before – ing, as in cancelling. If a word ending in a single vowel and a single consonant has two syllables but the second syllable is not stressed, you can add – ing without changing anything. There are exceptions to this rule, however. Verbs that end in – ee follow the standard rules.įor verbs ending in one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant before adding – ing. Please note that this does not include words ending in a double – e. įor verbs ending in a silent -e, simply drop the -e and then add – ing. įor verbs ending in -ie, change the – ie into a – y before adding – ing. However, there are some special rules for words ending in -c, – ie, or a silent – e, as well as for words ending in one vowel and one consonant.įor verbs ending in – c, just add a -k before – ing. The present participle is used in the continuous tenses or as an adjective describing an action that is currently taking place.įor most verbs, you form the present participle by adding – ing to the end. Moreover, there are two different types of participles-the present participle and the past participle -so each verb has a couple of different participles you can choose from. For example, if you are doing something now or in the near future, you use the present continuous tense, which is formed with the verb be and a present participle, or -ing form, of the verb.Įvery verb has participle forms, even impersonal verbs. The second purpose of participles is to create different verb tenses, specifically the perfect tenses and continuous tenses. Infinitives usually have the word to at the beginning, whereas participles do not. īe careful not to confuse participles with infinitives, another form of verb that can modify nouns. You could distinguish them by saying, “Look at the eating otter” or “Look at the swimming otter.” In these examples, the verbs eat and swim are not acting as verbs they’re acting as adjectives because they modify the noun otter. One otter is eating, and another is swimming. Here’s an example of participles used as adjectives: Let’s say you’re at a zoo looking at otters. Turn the verb into an adjective to modify nouns.Ĭonnect with auxiliary verbs to create different tenses, such as the present perfect tense. Participles are a particular form of verb that has two main purposes: Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly What is a participle?
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